base	-s form	past	past participle	-ing form	notes
call	calls	called	called	calling
clean	cleans	cleaned	cleaned	cleaning
look	looks	looked	looked	looking	1
talk	talks	talked	talked	talking	1
end	ends	ended	ended	ending	2
wait	waits	waited	waited	waiting	2
kiss	kisses	kissed	kissed	kissing	3
wash	washes	washed	washed	washing	3
live	lives	lived	lived	living	4
love	loves	loved	loved	loving	4
beg	begs	begged	begged	begging	5
sin	sins	sinned	sinned	sinning	5
play	plays	played	played	playing
stay	stays	stayed	stayed	staying
cry	cries	cried	cried	crying	6
study	studies	studied	studied	studying	6
die	dies	died	died	dying
tie	ties	tied	tied	tying

Notes:

1. Pronunciation differences in past/past participle after /p, s, k, f/ sounds

2. Pronunciation differences in past/past participle after /t, d/ sounds

3. Spelling and pronunciation differences in –s form after /s, sh, ch, z/ sounds

4. Dropping of “silent e” with –ing endings

5. Doubled consonants after “short” vowel sounds

6. Spelling differences when “y” is preceded by a consonant

Irregular Verbs

base	-s form	past	past participle	-ing form
cut	cuts	cut	cut	cutting
fit	fits	fit	fit	fitting
hit	hits	hit	hit	hitting
let	lets	let	let	letting
put	puts	put	put	putting
quit	quits	quit	quit	quitting
set	sets	set	set	setting
shut	shuts	shut	shut	shutting
split	splits	split	split	splitting
upset	upsets	upset	upset	upsetting
burst	bursts	burst	burst	bursting
cast	casts	cast	cast	casting
cost	costs	cost	cost	costing*
hurt	hurts	hurt	hurt	hurting
spread	spreads	spread	spread	spreading
knit	knits	knit/knitted	knit/knitted	knitting
sit	sits	sat	sat	sitting
spit	spits	spat/spit	spat/spit	spitting
begin	begins	began	begun	beginning
swim	swims	swam	swum	swimming
ring	rings	rang	rung	ringing
sing	sings	sang	sung	singing
spring	springs	sprang	sprung	springing
cling	clings	clung	clung	clinging
fling	flings	flung	flung	flinging
sling	slings	slung	slung	slinging
sting	stings	stung	stung	stinging
swing	swings	swung	swung	swinging
wring	wrings	wrang	wrung	wringing
hang	hangs	hung/hanged**	hung/hanged	hanging
drink	drinks	drank	drunk	drinking
sink	sinks	sank	sunk	sinking
shrink	shrinks	shrank	shrunk	shrinking
stink	stinks	stank	stunk	stinking
think	thinks	thought	thought	thinking
bring	brings	brought	brought	bringing
buy	buys	bought	bought	buying
seek	seeks	sought	sought	seeking
fight	fights	fought	fought	fighting
catch	catches	caught	caught	catching
teach	teaches	taught	taught	teaching
creep	creeps	crept	crept	creeping
keep	keeps	kept	kept	keeping
sleep	sleeps	slept	slept	sleeping
sweep	sweeps	swept	swept	sweeping
weep	weeps	wept	wept	weeping
bleed	bleeds	bled	bled	bleeding
breed	breeds	bred	bred	breeding
feed	feeds	fed	fed	feeding
flee	flees	fled	fled	fleeing
lead	leads	led	led	leading
speed	speeds	sped/speeded	sped/speeded	speeding
meet	meets	met	met	meeting
bend	bends	bent	bent	bending
lend	lends	lent	lent	lending
send	sends	sent	sent	sending
spend	spends	spent	spent	spending
deal	deals	dealt	dealt	dealing
feel	feels	felt	felt	feeling
kneel	kneels	knelt	knelt	kneeling
dream	dreams	dreamt/dreamed	dreamt/dreamed	dreaming
mean	means	meant	meant	meaning
spill	spills	spilt/spilled	spilt/spilled	spilling
build	builds	built	built	building
burn	burns	burnt/burned	burnt/burned	burning
hold	holds	held	held	holding
sell	sells	sold	sold	selling
tell	tells	told	told	telling
find	finds	found	found	finding
grind	grinds	ground	ground	grinding
wind	winds	wound	wound	winding
break	breaks	broke	broken	breaking
choose	chooses	chose	chosen	choosing
freeze	freezes	froze	frozen	freezing
speak	speaks	spoke	spoken	speaking
steal	steals	stole	stolen	stealing
wake	wakes	woke	woken	waking
weave	weaves	wove	woven	weaving
arise	arises	arose	arisen	arising
drive	drives	drove	driven	driving
ride	rides	rode	ridden	riding
rise	rises	rose	risen	rising
write	writes	wrote	written	writing
bite	bites	bit	bitten	biting
hide	hides	hid	hidden	hiding
slide	slides	slid	slid	sliding
get	gets	got	gotten	getting
forget	forgets	forgot	forgotten	forgetting
give	gives	gave	given	giving
forgive	forgives	forgave	forgiven	forgiving
forbid	forbids	forbade/forbad	forbidden	forbidding
fall	falls	fell	fallen	falling
swell	swells	swelled	swollen	swelling
dive	dives	dove/dived	dived	diving
blow	blows	blew	blown	blowing
fly	flies	flew	flown	flying
grow	grows	grew	grown	growing
know	knows	knew	known	knowing
throw	throws	threw	thrown	throwing
draw	draws	drew	drawn	drawing
withdraw	withdraws	withdrew	withdrawn	withdrawing
show	shows	showed	shown	showing
eat	eats	ate	eaten	eating
beat	beats	beat	beaten	beating
take	takes	took	taken	taking
forsake	forsakes	forsook	forsaken	forsaking
mistake	mistakes	mistook	mistaken	mistaking
shake	shakes	shook	shaken	shaking
make	makes	made	made	making
swear	swears	swore	sworn	swearing
wear	wears	wore	worn	wearing
tear	tears	tore	torn	tearing
bear	bears	bore	born	bearing
stand	stands	stood	stood	standing
understand	understands	understood	understood	understanding
become	becomes	became	become	becoming
come	comes	came	come	coming
run	runs	ran	run	running
dig	digs	dug	dug	digging
spin	spins	spun	spun	spinning
stick	sticks	stuck	stuck	sticking
strike	strikes	struck	struck/stricken	striking
do	does	did	done	doing
go	goes	went	gone	going
have	has	had	had	having
hear	hears	heard	heard	hearing
lay	lays	laid	laid	laying
pay	pays	paid	paid	paying
say	says	said	said	saying
lie	lies	lay	lain	lying
light	lights	lit/lighted	lit/lighted	lighting
lose	loses	lost	lost	losing
leave	leaves	left	left	leaving
prove	proves	proved	proven/proved	proving
read	reads	read	read	reading
see	sees	saw	seen	seeing
sew	sews	sewed	sewn/sewed	sewing
shave	shaves	shaved	shaven/shaved	shaving
shine	shines	shined/shone	shined/shone	shining
shoot	shoots	shot	shot	shooting
win	wins	won	won	winning
be	is/are/am	was/were	been	being

* "costing" does not usually occur in the –ing form